100 important Rules of SSC English
A. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Two or more singular subjects connected by "and" usually take a plural verb.
Example:
Incorrect: The cat and the dog is outside.
Correct: The cat and the dog are outside.If two singular nouns refer to the same person or thing, the verb must be singular.
Example:
Incorrect: My friend and mentor are coming.
Correct: My friend and mentor is coming.
(Here, the same person is both a friend and a mentor.)If the singular subjects are preceded by "each" or "every," the verb is usually singular.
Example:
Incorrect: Each student and teacher were present.
Correct: Each student and teacher was present.Two or more singular subjects connected by "or," "nor," "either...or," or "neither...nor" take a singular verb.
Example:
Incorrect: Either the cat or the dogs are at the door.
Correct: Either the cat or the dogs are at the door.
(Note: The second subject is plural, so "are" is correct here.)When the subjects joined by "or" or "nor" are of different numbers, the verb must be plural, and the plural subject must be placed next to the verb.
Example:
Incorrect: Neither the teacher nor the students was ready.
Correct: Neither the students nor the teacher were ready.When the subjects joined by "or" or "nor" are of different persons, the verb agrees in person with the one nearest to it.
Example:
Incorrect: Neither my sister nor I am going to the party.
Correct: Neither my sister nor I is going to the party.A collective noun takes a singular verb when the collection is thought of as a whole, and a plural verb when the individuals are emphasized.
Examples:
Correct: The team wins every match.
Correct: The team were arguing among themselves.Some nouns that are singular in form but plural in meaning take a plural verb.
Example:
Incorrect: News are often surprising.
Correct: News is often surprising.Words joined to a singular subject by "with," "together with," "in addition to," or "as well as" do not affect the number of the verb.
Example:
Incorrect: The actor, along with his crew, were late.
Correct: The actor, along with his crew, was late.When the subject of the verb is a relative pronoun, ensure that the verb agrees in number and person with the antecedent.
Example:
Incorrect: The players, who is in great form, will compete.
Correct: The players, who are in great form, will compete.
B. USES OF PARTICIPLES AND INFINITIVES
- Verbs such as ask, advise, allow, command, force, forbid, invite, encourage, compel, beg, order, imagine, instruct, permit, persuade, tell, require, remind, teach, etc., are followed by Object + to + V1 (the base form of the verb).
Example:
Incorrect: He advised to do it by me.
Correct: He advised me to do it.
However, when these verbs are used in the passive voice, they are followed by to + V1.
Example:
Correct: She was permitted to go with him.
- The verb know is followed by how, where, when, why, and an infinitive.
Example:
Incorrect: I know to write a letter.
Correct: I know how to write a letter.
- After verbs like let, bid, behold, watch, see, feel, and make, we use the bare infinitive (without "to") instead of the to-infinitive.
Example:
Incorrect: I heard him to speak on several subjects.
Correct: I heard him speak on several subjects.
- The bare infinitive is used after modal auxiliaries (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, dare not, need not).
Example:
Incorrect: You need not to work hard.
Correct: You need not work hard.
- Phrases like had better, had rather, had as soon ... as, and had sooner are followed by the bare infinitive.
Example:
Incorrect: He had better to go now.
Correct: He had better go now.
- The conjunction than is also followed by the bare infinitive.
Example:
Incorrect: He had better read than to write.
Correct: He had better read than write.
- When but is used as a preposition and is preceded by any form of the verb do, but is followed by the bare infinitive.
Example:
Incorrect: He did nothing but to wander.
Correct: He did nothing but wander.
- Every participle must have a subject of reference.
Example:
Incorrect: Being a rainy day, Vijay decided to stay at home.
Correct: It being a rainy day, Vijay decided to stay at home.
- For completed actions, use having + V3 in the active voice, while having been + V3 or being + V3 is used in the passive voice. After should not be used in such sentences.
Example:
Incorrect: After the leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
Correct: The leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
- Participles like considering, judging, referring, concerning, regarding, viewing, and broadly speaking do not require a subject of reference.
Example:
Correct: Considering the case, I made the decision.
Here, "I" is not the subject of reference for "considering," yet the sentence is still correct.
Q. 1 ________ एक ऐसा उपकरण है, जो किसी वाहन द्वारा तय की गई दूरी को मापता है।
- टैकोमीटर
- ओडोमीटर
- त्वरामापी (एक्सेलेरोमीटर)
- स्पीडोमीटर
ओडोमीटर है।
ओडोमीटर एक ऐसा उपकरण है, जो किसी वाहन द्वारा तय की गई दूरी को मापता है।
लंबाई को मीटर के पैमाने पर मापा जाता है।
हालाँकि, यह लगातार जानकारी एकत्र करने में असमर्थ है कि वाहन ने कितनी दूर यात्रा की है, जिससे यह वाहन की दूरी को ट्रैक करने के लिए अनुपयुक्त हो गया है।
Q. 2 निम्नलिखित में से किस शासक का उल्लेख प्रसिद्ध बौद्ध ग्रंथ मिलिंद पन्हो मे राजा मिलिंद के रूप में किया गया है?
- यूक्रेटाइड्स
- अलेक्जेंडर
- मिनांडर
- डेमेट्रियस
मिनांडर
मिलिंद पन्हो एक बौद्ध ग्रंथ है जो 100 ईसा पूर्व और 200 ईस्वी के बीच का माना जाता है। इसमें भारतीय बौद्ध ऋषि नागसेन और दूसरी शताब्दी ईसा पूर्व के भारत-यूनानी राजा मिनांडर प्रथम (पाली: मिलिंद) के बीच सागला, वर्तमान सियालकोट में हुए संवाद का संग्रह है।
